Profit margin vs markup — kya fark hai?
Yeh sabse common confusion hai business mein. Dono alag cheezein hain:
| Term | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Markup | (Selling - Cost) / Cost × 100 | Cost ₹100, sell ₹120 → 20% markup |
| Profit Margin | (Selling - Cost) / Selling × 100 | Cost ₹100, sell ₹120 → 16.7% margin |
Important
40% markup ≠ 40% margin. Retail mein zyatar log markup percentage bolte hain — lekin actual profitability margin percentage se measure hoti hai. Dono jaanna zaroori hai.
Industry-wise typical margins
- Kirana/grocery store: 5-15% margin
- Pharmacy: 15-25% margin
- Clothing/apparel: 40-60% margin
- Electronics: 5-10% margin
- Restaurants: 60-70% gross margin (but high overheads)
Break-even calculate kaise karein
Break-even = Fixed Costs / Profit Margin per unit. Example: Monthly rent + salaries = ₹50,000. Agar har item par ₹25 margin hai — breakeven = 2,000 units/month sell karne honge.
GST pe margin calculate karein ya bina GST?
Cost price mein GST alag track karein. Margin always GST-exclusive amounts par calculate karein — GST aapka nahi hai, government ka hai.
Online vs offline margin alag kyun hoti hai?
Online mein shipping, platform commission (Amazon: 5-20%), returns zyada hote hain — effective margin kam hoti hai. Pricing accordingly adjust karni padti hai.