Yeh decision kyun important hai?
Bahut log sirf "loan nahi lena" ya "savings mat todo" — emotionally decide karte hain. Mathematically kya sahi hai — yeh calculate karna zaroori hai. Dono options ka real cost compare karna chahiye.
Loan lene ki cost
- Interest rate: Personal loan 11-20%, home loan 8.5-9.5%
- Processing fee: 0.5-2% typically
- Insurance: Kuch banks mandatory karte hain
- Opportunity cost: Aap free the investments karne ke liye — loan ki wajah se nahi kar sake
Savings todne ki cost
- Lost returns: FD/PPF mein jo milta — woh nahi milega
- Penalty: FD premature todne par 0.5-1% penalty
- Emergency fund khatam: Agar koi emergency aaye future mein
- Tax impact: FD todne par accumulated interest tax mein aayega
General rule
Agar loan interest rate > savings return rate — savings use karein. Agar savings mein high-return investment hai (jaise ELSS 12-14%) aur loan cheap hai (home loan 8.5%) — loan consider karein. Emergency fund kabhi mat todo.
Kab loan definitely better hai
- Home loan: Tax benefit milta hai (Section 24B, 80C), property value badh sakti hai
- Education loan: Section 80E — full interest deductible, 8 saal tak
- Business expansion: Returns loan cost se zyada hone ki expectation hai
Emergency fund kitna hona chahiye?
3-6 months ka monthly expense. Yeh liquid rehna chahiye — FD ya savings account mein. Isse kabhi haath mat lagayen sirf actual emergency ke siwa.